O’Dell, Allison Jai2025-09-242025-09-242017Pino Buizza and Mauro Guerrini, “A Conceptual Model for the New Sogettario: Subject Indexing in the Light of FRBR,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 34, no. 4 (2002): 36. Michael K. Buckland, “Obsolescence in Subject Description,” Journal of Documentation 68, no. 2 (2012): 156. Sara Shatford, “Analyzing the Subject of a Picture: A Theoretical Approach,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 6, no. 3 (1986): 39-62; Layne, Sara Shatford, “Some Issues in the Indexing of Images,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 45, no. 8 (1994): 583-588. Murtha Baca et al., Cataloging Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and their Images (Chicago: American Library Association, 2006), 219-221. http://cco.vrafoundation.org/downloads/PartTwo_6-Subject.pdf Jackie M. Dooley and Helena Zinkham, “The Object as ‘Subject’: Providing Access to Genres, Forms of Material, and Physical Characteristics,” In Toni Petersen & Pat Molholt, eds., Beyond the Book: Extending MARC for Subject Access (Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1990). David Bearman, “Authority Control: Issues and Prospects,” The American Archivist, 52, no. 3 (Summer 1989): 289. Snunith Shoham and Rochelle Kedar, “The Subject Cataloging of Monographs with the Use of Keywords,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2002): 32. Julia Turner, “#InPraiseOfTheHashtag,” New York Times Magazine (November 2, 2012). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/magazine/in-praise-of-the-hashtag.html Melanie Hingle et al., “Collection and Visualization of Dietary Behavior and Reasons for Eating Using Twitter,” Journal of Medical Internet Research 15, no. 6 (2013). http://www.jmir.org/2013/6/e125/ Marlene C. A. van Doorn, “Half a Century of Abstracting at the African Studies Centre Leiden,” African Research & Documentation 123 (2013): 15-23. For discussion of contextual information, see: Thea Lindquist et. al., “Using Linked Open Data to Enhance Subject Access in Online Primary Sources,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 51, no. 8 (2013): 913-928; Sanna Talja, Heidi Keso, and Tarja Pietilainen, “The Production of ‘Context’ in Information Seeking Research: A Metatheoretical View,” Information Processing and Management 35 (1999): 751-763; Daniel V. Pitti, “Creator Description: Encoded Archival Context,” Cataloging & Classsification Quarterly 38 nos. 3-4 (2004): 201-226; Judith A. Overmier and Elaine M. Doak, “Provenance Records in Rare Book and Special Collections,” Rare Books & Manuscripts Librarianship 11, no. 2 (1996): 91-99; Michelle Light, “Moving Beyond the Name: Defining Corporate Entities to Support Provenance-Based Access,” Journal of Archival Organization 5, nos. 1-2 (2007): 49-74. Monica Izquierdo Alonso and Luis Miguel Moreno Fernandez, “Perspectives of Studies on Document Abstracting: Towards an Integrated View of Models and Theoretical Approaches,” Journal of Documentation 66, no. 4 (2010): 563-584. “Google Books APIs” (March 1, 2016). https://developers.google.com/books/docs/v1/using#auth; Good Reads, “API” (accessed May 28, 2016). http://www.goodreads.com/api; LibraryThing, “LibraryThing APIs” (accessed May 28, 2016). https://www.librarything.com/services/; Open Library, “Developers/API” (October 11, 2013). https://openlibrary.org/developers/api Seshan Ramaswami and Susheela Abraham Varghese, “Reading the Voice of the Consumer: A Content Analysis of Consumer Reviews,” Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business (2003). http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/1907; Moreover, established reviewer credibility influences the perceived helpfulness of reviews: Hyunmi Baek, JoongHo Ahn, and Youngseok Choi, “Helpfulness of Online Consumer Reviews: Readers’ Objectives and Review Cues,” International Journal of Electronic Commerce 17, no. 2 (2012/2013), 99-126. Library of Congress, “658 – Index Term-Curriculum Objective (R)” (February 26, 2008). https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/concise/bd658.html Library of Congress, “Curriculum Objective Term and Code Source Codes” (November 20, 2015). https://www.loc.gov/standards/sourcelist/curriculum-objective.html Library of Congress, “Outline of Elements and Attributes in MODS Version 3.6” (January 28, 2016). http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods-outline-3-6.html#subject Library of Congress, “Encoded Archival Description Tag Library Version EAD3” (April 21, 2016). https://www.loc.gov/ead/EAD3taglib/index.html#elem-subject Library of Congress, “VRA Core 4.0 Element Description” (April 5, 2007). http://www.loc.gov/standards/vracore/VRA_Core4_Element_Description.pdf Louise F. Spiteri, “The Use of Folksonomies in Public Library Catalogues,” Serials Librarian 51, no. 2 (2006): 75-89. Elaine Svenonius, “Unanswered Questions in the Design of Controlled Vocabularies,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 37, no. 5 (1986): 334. Chi-Shiou Lin and Yi-Fan Chen, “Examining Social Tagging Behaviour and the Construction of an Online Folksonomy from the Perspectives of Cultural Capital and Social Capital,” Journal of Information Science 38, no. 6 (2012): 540-557; Mikael Wetterstrom, “The Complementarity of Tags and LCSH: A Tagging Experiment and Investigation Into Added Value in a New Zealand Library Context,” Library & Information Management Journal 50, no. 4 (2008): 296-310. Laura Kane McElfresh, “Folksonomies and the Future of Subject Cataloging,” Technicalities 28, no. 2 (March/April 2008): 3. Carol Tenopir, “Searching by Controlled Vocabulary or Free Text,” Library Journal 112 (15 November 1987): 58-59; Jonathan Furner, User Tagging of Library Resources: Toward a Framework for System Evaluation,” paper presented at the 73rd IFLA General Conference and Council, Durban, South Africa, August 19-23, 2007. http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla73/papers/Furner-en.pdf Scott A. Golder and Bernardo A. Huberman, “Usage Patterns of Collaborative Tagging Systems,” Journal of Information Science 32, no. 2 (2006): 198-208; Peter J. Rolla, “User Tags Versus Subject Headings: Can User-Supplied Data Improve Subject Access to Library Collections?” Library Resources & Technical Services 53, no. 3 (2009): 174. Hsia-Ching Chang and Hemalata Iyer, “Trends in Twitter Hashtag Applications: Design Features for Value-Added Dimensions to Future Library Catalogues,” Library Trends 61, no. 1 (2012): 251. Luiz H. Mendes, Jennie Quinonez-Skinner, and Danielle Skaggs, “Subjecting the Catalog to Tagging,” Library Hi Tech 27, no. 1 (2009): 30-41. Jonathan Furner, “User Tagging of Library Resources: Toward a Framework for System Evaluation,” World Library and Information Congress: 73rd IFLA General Conference and Council, 29-23 August 2007, Durban, South Africa. Tom Steele, “The New Cooperative Cataloging,” Library Hi Tech 27, no. 1 (2009): 70. Eric Tsui, W. M. Wang, C. F. Cheung, and Adela S. M. Lau, “A Concept-Relationship Acquisition and Inference Approach for Hierarchical Taxonomy Construction from Tags,” Information Processing and Management 46 (2010): 44-57. Hongwei Zhu and Harris Wu, “Sloppy Tags and Metacrap?: Quality of User Contributed Tags in Collaborative Social Tagging Systems,” Working Paper, Information Technology, Old Dominion University. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1556722 Timme Bisgaard Munk and Kristian Mork, “Folksonomies, Tagging Communities, and Tagging Strategies – An Empirical Study,” Knowledge Organization 34, no. 3 (2007): 115-127. Morgan Ames & Mor Naaman, “Why We Tag: Motivations for Annotation in Mobile and Online Media,” CHI 2007 Proceedings: Tags, Tagging & Notetaking, conference held April 28-May 3, 2007, San Jose, CA. Hsia-Ching Chang and Hemalata Iyer, “Trends in Twitter Hashtag Applications: Design Features for Value-Added Dimensions to Future Library Catalogues,” Library Trends 61, no. 1 (2012): 248-258. Greg R. Notess, “Social Searching with Hashtags, Names, and Unshortening,” Online Searcher (May-June 2014): 68-70.https://repository.ifla.org/handle/20.500.14598/6210This paper defines and conceptualizes the usefulness subject type, and describes means for libraries to enable discovery of resources based on user applications. Subject analysis of usefulness directly relates library resources to user needs. Cataloguing usefulness can be achieved through a combination of abstracting and indexing techniques, including cataloguer- and user-supplied metadata with specialized encoding. Accessing usefulness can be achieved through a combination of data analysis and discovery interface design.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Articlehttps://2016.ifla.org/programme/satellite-meetingsopen accessCataloguingMetadataIndexingAbstractingCrowd-sourcing