Carroll, MaryReynolds, Sue2025-09-242025-09-242014Browning, Colin Arrott (1847). The convict ship; and, England's exiles; in two parts 2nd ed. Hamilton, Adams, & Co, London Gascoigne, John & Curthoys, Patricia (2002). The enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Library Association of Australasia (1896). Proceedings. Library Association of Australia, Sydney.https://repository.ifla.org/handle/20.500.14598/5341Throughout its history Australia has been a melting pot of diverse cultural influences. This has led to a society where competing philosophical and ideological ideas have co-existed: experimentation with radicalism and idealism, and a utopian strand of nationalism has sat alongside deep conservatism. At times there have been acrimonious battles between allegiances and loyalties to old world traditions and aspirations to new world ideals. These battles have helped define Australian society and its cultural institutionsengAttribution 3.0 Unportedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Articlehttp://conference.ifla.org/ifla80/open accesslibrary history-Australialibrarianship history-Australiainternationalism