Organizational Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Libraries

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming academic libraries, yet organizational adoption remains at an early stage. While prior research has focused primarily on AI technologies and individual attitudes, limited attention has been given to the organizational factors shaping adoption. This study investigates how technological, organizational, environmental, and individual factors influence the adoption of discovery-integrated AI research assistants in U.S. academic libraries. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 librarians representing diverse institution types and professional roles.

Data were analyzed through thematic analysis using an integrated Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Findings indicate that successful AI adoption depends less on the technology itself than on organizational readiness, AI literacy, governance, leadership support, and institutional culture. Participants consistently viewed AI as a tool to augment, rather than replace, librarianship while emphasizing transparency, human oversight, and the preservation of learning and critical thinking. The study contributes a multi-level framework for understanding organizational AI adoption and provides practical guidance for academic libraries developing responsible AI strategies.