Public library support for children in poverty: Case analyses in Tokyo, Toronto and New York

Abstract

Child poverty has recently emerged as a critical issue in developed countries, including Japan. This research focuses on the services provided by public libraries to help children who do not have access to adequate learning opportunities or are isolated from society due to financial constraints. In this research, a child in poverty is defined as "a person who has difficulty leading a normal life as a child in modern society." We conducted a document survey of annual reports, strategies, and information on the websites of three representative public libraries in Tokyo, Toronto, and New York (Shinjuku City Library, Toronto Public Library, and New York Public Library). As a result, we found that these libraries provide various services for children in poverty, each with its unique strengths. In Shinjuku City Library, librarians support children's learning by encouraging literacy skills acquisition through books. The Toronto Public Library focuses on addressing the needs of local users, while the New York Public Library emphasizes summer programmes that promote equal learning opportunities. Understanding the unique characteristics of each library is crucial for effectively assisting children in poverty and for achieving a sustainable society.