Legal deposit in South Africa: transformation in a digital world

Abstract

Legal deposit is an internationally recognised practice within the global library community, which ensures that the documentary or cultural heritage of a nation is collected, accessioned, stored, protected, preserved and made accessible for the benefit of its citizens and future generations. Legal deposit is a statutory obligation that requires publishers who publish material, including digital content, to deposit a copy or copies of their publications in specified national and regional repositories within the context of national legal deposit legislation. There has been a commitment to collecting and preserving South Africa’s recorded cultural heritage through legal deposit in one form or another since 1842. As a result, extensive and valuable collections of printed material including books, reprints, periodicals, newspapers, maps, films, sound recordings, and other works have been built up in nominated legal deposit libraries in different parts of the country. As a country in transformation, South Africa updated and enacted its Legal Deposit Act No. 54 in 1997 to address the digital environment. To ensure compliance of the law and more importantly, to ensure that South Africa’s cultural heritage is preserved for perpetuity, the Ministry of Arts and Culture appointed a permanent Advisory Legal Deposit Committee. This Committee advises and assists the Minister on a range of issues, to ensure compliance of the legal deposit legislation and permanent accessibility to South Africa’s rich cultural heritage. The goal of the paper will be to present a broad overview of South Africa’s transformation from a print-orientated legal deposit system to a system that now has to cater for print, multi-media and e-publications and will highlight the challenges and successes along the way. The paper will provide a brief historical timeline of the Legal Deposit System in South Africa. It will highlight some of the transformation that has taken place in this regard since South Africa became a democracy in 1994. It will also discuss the important work of the Legal Deposit Committee and the various challenges that legal deposit libraries and official publications depositories experience, particularly in the digital arena. It will also showcase some of the Legal Deposit Committee’s strategic objectives, projects and efforts to find solutions, so as to improve and enhance legal deposit in South Africa for the sake of South Africans and other information users, now, and in the future.
El depósito legal es una práctica internacionalmente reconocida por la comunidad bibliotecaria mundial, mediante la cual se asegura que se recoja, añada a colecciones, proteja, preserve y haga accesible el patrimonio documental o cultural de una nación en beneficio de sus ciudadanos y de futuras generaciones. El depósito legal es una obligación legal según la cual los editores que publiquen material, incluido contenidos digitales, deben depositar uno o más ejemplares de sus publicaciones en repositorios nacionales y regionales específicos en el contexto de la legislación nacional sobre depósito legal. Ha habido un compromiso de recolectar y preservar el patrimonio cultural registrado de Sudáfrica por medio del depósito legal en una u otra forma desde 1842. Como resultado, amplias y valiosas colecciones de materiales impresos como libros, reimpresiones, publicaciones periódicas, periódicos, mapas, películas, registros sonoros y otras obras, han dado lugar a bibliotecas de depósito legal designadas en diferentes partes del país. Como país en proceso de transformación, Sudáfrica actualizó y promulgó la Ley de Depósito Legal nº 54 en 1997 para hacer frente al entorno digital. Para asegurar el cumplimiento de la ley y, aún más importante, para asegurar la preservación perpetua del patrimonio cultural de Sudáfrica, el Ministerio de las Artes y la Cultura nombró una Comisión Consultiva del Depósito Legal con carácter permanente. Esta comisión asesora y asiste al Ministro en una amplia gama de temas para asegurar el cumplimiento de la legislación sobre el depósito legal así como la accesibilidad permanente del rico patrimonio cultural de Sudáfrica. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar una visión de conjunto del cambio en Sudáfrica de un sistema de depósito legal centrado en materiales impresos a otro que ahora debe abarcar publicaciones tanto impresas como multimedia y electrónicas, destacando los retos y logros obtenidos en este proceso de transformación. También se proporcionará una breve cronología del sistema de depósito legal en Sudáfrica. Se destacarán los cambios que han tenido lugar en este ámbito desde que Sudáfrica se convirtió en una democracia en 1994. También se discutirá la importante labor de la Comisión del Depósito Legal y los varios retos experimentados por las bibliotecas de depósito legal y por los depósitos de publicaciones oficiales, en particular en el ámbito digital. Se expondrán también algunos de los objetivos estratégicos, proyectos y esfuerzos para encontrar soluciones por parte de la Comisión del Depósito Legal con vistas a mejorar y reforzar el depósito legal en Sudáfrica en beneficio de los sudafricanos y de otros usuarios de la información tanto ahora como en el futuro.
Le dépôt légal est une pratique reconnue par les professionnels des bibliothèques dans le monde entier qui garantit la collecte, l'enregistrement, le stockage, la protection, la préservation et la mise à disposition au public du patrimoine documentaire et culturel d'une nation, ce à l'intention des citoyens de cette nation et des générations futures. Le dépôt légal est une obligation statutaire qui exige des éditeurs de contenus, y compris électroniques, de déposer un ou plusieurs exemplaires de leurs publications dans des structures nationales et régionales comme prévu par la législation du pays. L'Afrique du Sud s'est engagée à collecter et préserver son patrimoine culturel écrit par le dépôt légal, sous des formes variées, à partir de 1842. De ce fait, de vastes et précieuses collections de documents imprimés, notamment livres, reprints, périodiques, journaux, cartes, films, documents sonores, et autres œuvres, se sont constituées dans des bibliothèques dépositaires aux quatre coins du pays. L'Afrique du Sud, pays en transformation, a mis à jour et promulgué sa loi nº 54 de 1997 sur le Dépôt légal afin de faire face à l'environnement numérique. Pour assurer le respect de la législation et, surtout, pour assurer la pérennité du patrimoine culturel sud-africain, le ministère des Arts et de la Culture a désigné un Comité consultatif sur le dépôt légal. Ce comité conseille et assiste le ministre sur divers sujets, afin que soient garantis le respect de la législation sur le dépôt légal et un accès permanent aux richesses patrimoniales d'Afrique du Sud. L'objectif de cette présentation est d'offrir un panorama des transformations qu'a connues l'Afrique du Sud, d'un système fondé sur un dépôt légal imprimé vers un système qui doit aussi prendre en compte le multimédia et les publications électroniques, et d'en décrire les défis et les succès rencontrés pour y arriver. Nous proposerons une brève chronologie historique du système de dépôt légal sud-africain. Ainsi seront mises en relief certaines transformations qu'a connues le pays depuis qu'il est devenu une démocratie, en 1994. Nous étudierons ensuite l'important travail entrepris par le Comité sur le dépôt légal ainsi que les divers défis auxquels les bibliothèques et autres institutions dépositaires ont dû faire face, notamment sur la scène numérique. Enfin, nous exposerons quelques-uns des objectifs stratégiques du comité sur le dépôt légal, ses projets et ses efforts pour trouver des solutions, dans le but d'améliorer et de promouvoir le dépôt légal en Afrique du Sud, au service des Sud-Africains et d'autres usagers, aujourd'hui et demain.

Description

Keywords

Citation

“Agency for the Legal Deposit Libraries (ALDL)” (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.legaldeposit.org.uk on 11 April 2015. Bricklin, D (n.d.) “Copy Protection Robs The Future”. Retrieved from: http://www.bricklin.com/robfuture.htm on 18 April 2015. Center for Research Libraries (CRL) and Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) (2007) “Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification: Criteria and Checklist” (Version 1, February). Retrieved from: http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/d6/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf on 16 April 2015. Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL) (2012) E-Legal Deposit Advocacy Pack. Retrieved from: http://www.cdnl.info/Legal_Deposit/CDNL%20advocacy%20document_1.pdf on 12 April 2015. Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL). Working Group. (1996) “The Legal Deposit of Electronic Publications” Retrieved from: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/memory/legaldep.htm on 12 April 2015. Crews, K.D. (1988) “Legal Deposit in Four Countries: Laws and Library Services” (Nov. 1). Law Library Journal, 80(4) (Fall). American Association of Law Libraries. Retrieved from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=177302 on 11 April 2015. Cultural Laws Third Amendment Bill (2008). Department of Arts and Culture (28 May). Retrieved from: http://us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/attachments/13737_culturallaw_amendmentbill.pdf on 7 April 2015. Electronic Information for Libraries (eIFL) (2009) eIFL-IP Handbook on Copyright and Related Issues for Libraries. (October). Retrieved from: http://www.eifl.net/sites/default/files/resources/201409/handbook_legaldeposit.pdf on 12 April 2015. Foo, S. et al. (2005) “Legal Deposit Development in Singapore: Future Challenges and Issues” (Unpublished). Proceedings of the International Conference on National Libraries in the Knowledge Based Society, Bangkok, July, 6-8. Retrieved from: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/sfoo/publications/2005/2005Bangkok_LD_fmt.pdf on 15 April 2015. Gilchrist, J. (2005) "Copyright Deposit, Legal Deposit or Library Deposit?: The Government's Role as Preserver of Copyright Material". Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal, 5(2). Retrieved from: https://lr.law.qut.edu.au/article/view/212 on 11 April 2015. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) (2013) “IFLA Statement on Legal Deposit (2011)”. Retrieved from: http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-statement-on-legal-deposit-2011 on 7 April 2015. Jones, M. (1998) “Electronic Publications and the Survival of Information”. National Library of Australia Staff Papers. Retrieved from: http://www-prod.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/nlasp/article/viewArticle/1070/1339 on 18 April 2015. Larivihre, J. (2000) ‘Guidelines for Legal Deposit Legislation’. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Retrieved from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001214/121413eo.pdf on 7 April 2015. Legal Deposit of South Africa Act No. 54 of 1997. Lor, P (1997) “Guidelines for Legislation for National Library Services”. (May). Retrieved from: http://www.unesco.org/webworld/nominations/guidelines1_h.htm on 18 April 2015. Mason, I (2007) “Virtual Preservation: How Has Digital Culture Influenced Our Ideas about Permanence? Changing Practice in a National Legal Deposit Library”. Library Trends, 56(1) (Summer). Retrieved from: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/3782/Mason561.pdf?sequence=2 on 14 April 2015. Muir, A (2005) “Legal deposit of digital publications”. (Doctoral Thesis). Loughborough University, UK. Retrieved from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/8469 on 18 April 2015. National Library of South Africa (NLSA). (n.d.) “History: before amalgamation 1999”. Retrieved from: http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/where-we-come-from#history on 7 April 2015. National Library of South Africa (NLSA). (n.d.) “Introduction to SANB”. Retrieved from: http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/sa-national-bibliography on 11 April 2015. Nicholson, D. (2008) “Cultural Laws Third Amendment Bill for ACA2K: South Africa's Cultural Laws Third Amendment Bill, 2007 - Why have the needs of libraries, education and people with sensory-disabilities been ignored?” Retrieved from: http://www.aca2k.org/index.php/en/blog/viewpost/80.html on 7 April 2015. Nkadimeng, H. (n.d.) “What is Legal Deposit?” Retrieved from: http://www.nlsa.ac.za/nlsanews/2014/Qtr2/legal_deposit.html on 7 April 2015. Nsibirwa, Z, Hoskins, R. and Stilwell, C. (2012) “Legislation affecting the Legal Deposit and Preservation of Digital Materials in South Africa. (Conference paper presented at SCECSAL XX Conference (4-8 June) in Nairobi, Kenya. Retrieved from: ‘ http://scecsal.viel.co.ke/images/e/e8/LEGISLATION_AFFECTING_THE_LEGAL_DEPOSIT_AND_PRESERVATION_OF_DIGITAL_MATERIALS_IN_SOUTH_AFRICA.pdf on 18 April 2015. Pabón Cadavid, J A., Basha, J.S. and Kaleeswaran, G. (2003) “Legal and Technical Difficulties of Web Archival in Singapore” (Conference paper). IFLA World Library and Information Congress, 79th IFLA General Conference and Assembly (17-23 August). Retrieved from: http://library.ifla.org/217/1/198-cadavid-en.pdf on 16 April 2015. Penzhorn, C.E. (2007) “Management of an Effective Legal Deposit System for South Africa” (April). (Unpublished DPhil.Thesis), University of Pretoria. Retrieved from: http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/25088/Complete.pdf?sequence=12 on 15 April 2015. Phillips, M. (1998) “The Preservation of Internet Publications”. National Library of Australia Staff Papers. Retrieved from: http://www-prod.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/nlasp/article/viewArticle/1069/1338 on 18 April 2015. Publishers’ Association of South Africa (PASA) (n.d.) “Legal Deposit of Publications”. Retrieved from: http://www.publishsa.co.za/publishing/legal-deposit-of-publications on 7 April 2015. Research Libraries Group (RLG) (2002) “Trusted Digital Repositories: Attributes and Responsibilities - An RLG-OCLC Report” (May). Retrieved from: http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/activities/trustedrep/repositories.pdf?urlm=161690 on 16 April 2015. Rosenthal, D.S.H., Robertson, T., Lipkis, T, Reich, V, and Morabito, S. (2005) “Requirements for Digital Preservation Systems”. D-Lib Magazine, 11(11) (November). Retrieved from: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november05/rosenthal/11rosenthal.html on 16 April 2015. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2003) “Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage” (15 October). Retrieved from: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17721&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html on 15 April 2015. C Visser, C. (2006) “Technological Protection Measures: South Africa Goes Overboard, Overbroad”, The Southern African Journal of Information and Communication, (7). Retrieved from: http://www.wits.ac.za/files/5bfo5_274680001348062809.pdf on 16 April 2015.