Identifying resources: FRBR and accessibility
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This paper will outline some of the key aspects of the FRBR family of conceptual models that support resource discovery especially for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print disabled. The FRBR family of models have had a significant influence on the ways in which communities around the globe perceive and understand the bibliographic universe. This paper will focus on two areas where the conceptual models have had an important impact: bibliographic information as data and the precise delineation between content and carrier. The paper focuses on these two areas because they are of particular interest for a user with a print disability who approaches the task of discovering an appropriate resource. FRBR modelling, as expressed in the original models or in the new consolidated model, FRBR-LRM, offers a roadmap for structuring metadata in ways that allow more options for resource discovery in an increasingly global context.
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IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report. (München: K.G. Saur, 1998). http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records
IFLA Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR). Functional Requirements for Authority Data: A Conceptual Model. (München: K.G. Saur, 2009). http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-authority-data
IFLA Working Group on the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (FRASAR). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD): A Conceptual Model. (Berlin/München: De Gruyter Saur, 2011). http://www.ifla.org/node/5849
Pat Riva. "Introducing the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records and Related IFLA Developments." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 33, no. 6 (2007): pages 9-10. www.asis.org/Bulletin/Aug-07/Riva.pdf
“A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer’s Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work.” FRBR 3.2.1, page 17.
FRBRoo version 2.4 at the IFLA website (after world-wide review and before receiving approval as an IFLA standard): http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/FRBRoo/frbroo_v_2.4.pdf
See also Patrick Le Boeuf. A basic introduction to FRBRoo and PRESSoo. IFLA Library, 2015. http://library.ifla.org/1150/
Resource Description and Access. Chicago: American Library Association; Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP), 2010- . In RDA Toolkit: http://www.rdatoolkit.org
There are also cases where there are more than one expression element differentiating resources. A French translation of Robinson Crusoe in alpha-numeric notation is a different expression from the original English text. The same French translation in spoken word is a different expression from the French translation in text. The French spoken-word expression differs from the original in two expression-level attributes: language and form of expression.
Draft definition of the FRBR-LRM model available at the IFLA website: http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/frbr-lrm/frbr-lrm_20160225.pdf
See also Pat Riva and Maja Žumer. Introducing the FRBR Library Reference Model. IFLA Library 2015. http://library.ifla.org/1084/