Decolonizing the Way Libraries Organize

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Knowledge organization systems (KOSs) are social constructs that represent the needs and knowledge of specific communities at specific times and places (Olsen, 1998; Svenonius, 2000; Hunter, 2009). Libraries use knowledge organization systems like cataloging codes, classification schemes, and languages of aboutness to describe the information objects they hold. These structures are central to library cataloging (Farnel, 2017). Because library KOSs reflect the biases of the time periods and places they were created, applications of these systems outside of those contexts are potentially problematic in terms of gender, culture, and ethnic exclusion (Olsen, 1998; Alemu & Stevens, 2015). Many of the systems used in libraries throughout the world originated in the United States or Europe. It is time to consider the impact that these systems have outside of their designated contexts and how to integrate other perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to question the cultural suitability of the systems and procedures libraries have in place to organize materials. As stated by Berman, the systems and approaches that catalogers adhere to are “so slavish” (Berman & Gross, 2017). When librarians talk about changes to codes and standards that are currently in use, it is often at the micro-level. These micro-level changes include submitting a term addition or term change request to the Library of Congress Subject Headings; or adding/revising a rule to Resource Description and Access. What may be needed are not these micro-level changes, but changes at the macro-level. Librarians need to feel empowered to go beyond the Euro-American models of library cataloging work, without feeling that they are violating the integrity of their relationships with networks and consortia. Structures need to be in place to allow libraries and catalogers to vary the way they apply the necessary guidelines. Specific examples—with an emphasis on Southeast Asia -- is presented to argue these points.
Los sistemas de organización del conocimiento (KOS) son constructos sociales que plasman las necesidades y el conocimiento de comunidades específicas en momentos y lugares específicos (Olsen, 1998; Svenonius, 2000; Hunter, 2009). Las bibliotecas usan sistemas de organización del conocimiento como los códigos de catalogación, esquemas de clasificación y lenguajes de indización para describir los recursos de información que poseen. Estas estructuras son primordiales para la catalogación bibliotecaria (Farnel, 2017). Puesto que los KOS reflejan los sesgos de la época y de los lugares en que fueron creados, la aplicación de estos sistemas más allá de aquellos contextos es potencialmente problemática en términos de género, cultura y discriminación étnica (Olsen, 1998; Alemu y Stevens, 2015). Muchos de los sistemas utilizados en bibliotecas de todo el mundo surgieron en Estados Unidos o Europa. Es hora de considerar el impacto que estos sistemas tienen fuera de sus propios contextos y de considerar cómo integrar otras perspectivas. El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar la idoneidad cultural que los sistemas y procedimientos bibliotecarios tienen en la organización de documentos. Como Berman ha manifestado, los sistemas y los enfoques que los bibliotecarios siguen son «demasiado serviles» (Berman y Gross, 2017). Cuando los bibliotecarios se refieren a modificaciones en los códigos y en los estándares que actualmente están en uso, a menudo lo hacen a nivel micro. Estos cambios a nivel micro incluyen el envío de una petición de incorporación o modificación de términos a la Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso; o la adición/revisión de una regla de Recursos, Descripción y Acceso (RDA). Lo que se necesitaría no son estas modificaciones a nivel micro, sino cambios a nivel macro. Los bibliotecarios tienen que sentirse empoderados para superar los modelos euroamericanos en el ámbito de la catalogación bibliotecaria, sin sentir que están violando la estabilidad de sus relaciones con redes y consorcios. Deben existir unas estructuras que permitan a las bibliotecas y catalogadores variar la manera en que aplican las pautas imprescindibles. Se ofrecen ejemplos específicos que sostienen estas ideas, poniendo un énfasis especial en el sudeste de Asia.

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