Archives, museums and libraries: breaking the metadata silos

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To overcome impediments to access for the rich collections held in cultural heritage institutions, some alignment of metadata standards and a consequent enhancement of interoperability are essential. The three sectors in which much of our cultural heritage is to be found, libraries, archives and museums, each employ different approaches to metadata which make interoperability between them, and consequently between the constituencies and communities within which they were defined, difficult to achieve. This paper introduces a metadata strategy devised for the Photographic Collection of the Warburg Institute, London, which aims to break down some of the barriers between these approaches. This strategy employs established XML-based metadata schemas from the digital library community as the basis for establishing interoperable metadata. It uses CIDOC-CRM (the core standard from the museum sector) as a conceptual backbone for metadata structures but then serializes the data model produced into standards from the library sector such as MODS for descriptive metadata and METS for packaging. The resulting metadata can also interoperate to some extent with EAD, the established standard in the archives sector, by utilising existing crosswalks. This strategy allows the metadata requirements of all three sectors to be accommodated in interoperable, easily-managed schemes. It should allow an important step to be taken towards moving metadata practices within archives, museums and libraries in the same direction.
Para superar los problemas de acceso a las ricas colecciones conservadas en las instituciones del patrimonio cultural, es esencial que las normas sobre metadatos se ajusten en cierta forma y que, de esta manera, se pueda mejorar la interoperabilidad. Los tres campos en los que se encuentra gran parte de nuestro patrimonio cultural, bibliotecas, archivos y museos, utilizan diferentes sistemas de metadatos, lo que dificulta la interoperabilidad entre ellos y, en consecuencia, entre los grupos y comunidades en los que se han definido. Este artículo presenta un esquema de metadatos diseñado para la Colección Fotográfica del Instituto Warburg de Londres, cuyo objetivo es romper algunas de las barreras que existen entre estos distintos enfoques. Este modelo emplea esquemas de metadatos ya establecidos basados en XML del ámbito de las bibliotecas digitales como base para establecer metadatos interoperables. Utiliza CIDOC-CRM (la norma básica del sector de los museos) como columna vertebral conceptual para las estructuras de metadatos, pero luego lo serializa en estándares del sector bibliotecario, como MODS para los metadatos descriptivos y METS para la transmisión. Los metadatos resultantes pueden también interoperar, en cierta medida, con EAD, el estándar establecido en el sector de los archivos, utilizando los mapeos transversales existentes. Este enfoque permite que los requisitos de los metadatos de los tres campos se integren en sistemas interoperables y de fácil gestión, lo que debería permitir dar un importante paso hacia adelante hacia mover en la misma dirección las prácticas en metadatos en archivos, museos y bibliotecas.

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